رشد شناختی و سن مناسب شروع زبان آموزی با تاکید بر زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: سنتز پژوهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه پژوهشی علوم انسانی، پژوهشکده برنامه درسی، پژوهشگاه مطالعات آموزش و پرورش، سازمان پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزشی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، زبان انگلیسی، شهید بهشتی تهران/ایران

چکیده

هدف مقاله حاضر بررسی سن مناسب شروع آموزش زبان خارجی با تأکید بر زبان انگلیسی  و باملاحظه رشد شناختی است. روش این مطالعه سنتز پژوهشی است. با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند طی دو مرحله «غربال‌گری» 39 پژوهش بین سال‌های 1961 تا 2023 انتخاب شد. داده‌ها با توجه به هدف، کدبندی و تلفیق  شدند. برای اعتباربخشی داده‌ها از شاخص‌های گوبا و لینکلن که شامل قابلیت اعتبار پذیری، انتقال‌پذیری و اعتمادپذیری است، استفاده شد. تعداد 51 کدباز، 9 کد محوری و 3 کد گزینشی حاصل شد. کدهای گزینشی «زمان شروع آموزش زبان خارجی کودکان»، «شرایط مورد نیاز جهت آموزش کودکان» و «ارتباط سن با یادگیری لهجه» بودند. بیشتر محققان به اشتراک نظر در محدوده سنی 10-6 سال رسیده‌اند. شروع زبان آموزان در محدوده سنی یادشده مقتضیاتی نیاز دارد تا تغییر معنی‌داری در میزان موفقیت زبان‌آموزی در آموزش رسمی ایجاد شود. نتایج می‌تواند مورداستفاده سیاست‌گذاران آموزش زبان خارجی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Cognitive Development and Optimal Age to Start Second Language Learning with an Emphasis on English as a Foreign Language

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vida Rahiminezhad 1
  • Mohammad Reza Anani Sarab 2
1 Department of Humanities,, Research Institute for Education,, Organization of Educational Research and Planning, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The present research aimed to achieve the appropriate age range for starting language learning by synthesizing the research conducted between 1961 and 2023, considering the factor of cognitive development. The present study followed a synthetic research approach. After two rounds of screening, 39 studies between 1961 and 2023 entered the analysis step and the data were analyzed. The data were combined according to the purpose of the coding. The Guba and Lincoln’s indexes which include credibility, transferability, and dependabilty were used to validate the data. 51 open codes, 9 axial codes, and 3 selective codes were obtained. The selection codes were "the optimal age to start foreign language learning", "relationship between age and accent ", and "necessary conditions for children's education”.  The majority of researchers agreed on the age range of 6-10 years. The beginning of language learners in the mentioned age range requires requirements to significantly change the success rate of language learning in formal education. The results help the policymakers to achieve the goals of the National Curriculum.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "foreign language education"
  • "age"
  • "cognitive development"
  • " synthesis research"
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